11:01 PM All about volcanoes |
Kids Investigate Volcanoes!A Closer Look at Volcanoes During the Hadean
Eon volcanoes played an integral part in the formation of the Earth.
Even today volcanoes play a key role in the Earth's continued renewal of
itself. Children and adults alike, it seems, are fascinated by these
fountains of living rock. As we proceed along the time-line in our
Chronological History of the World Unit-Study we pause to investigate
these amazing geological features and the science behind them. Like any good unit study we study our subject utilizing a variety of methods, and I've tracked down some of the best resources on the web for your benefit, and mine. Table of Contents
The Hadean Eon The Hadean Eon
occurred roughly 4.5 to 3.8 billion years ago. It is the time when the
Earth's crusts were formed, accompanied by violent outgassing,
planetesimal bombardment, and extended periods of rain, which cooled the
crust and formed the oceans where the first life would eventually take
shape.
Volcanoes made up to 80% of the Earth's land. Volcanoes Resources Volcano World Why do volcanoes erupt?The Earth's crust is made up of huge slabs called plates, which fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. These plates sometimes move. The friction causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions near the edges of the plates. The theory that explains this process is called plate tectonics. Definition of a Volcano A Volcano is a mountain that opens downward to a
pool of molten rock below the surface of the earth. When pressure builds
up, eruptions occur. Gases and rock shoot up through the opening and
spill over or fill the air with lava fragments. Eruptions can cause
lateral blasts, lava flows, hot ash flows, mudslides, avalanches,
falling ash and floods. Volcano eruptions have been known to knock down
entire forests. An erupting volcano can trigger tsunamis, flash-floods,
earthquakes, mudflows and rockfalls.More than 80 percent of the earth's surface is volcanic in origin. The sea floor and some mountains were formed by countless volcanic eruptions. Gaseous emissions from volcanoes formed the earth's atmosphere. There are more than 500 active volcanoes in the world. More than half of these volcanoes are part of the "Ring of Fire," a region that encircles the Pacific Ocean. Volcano 101curated content from YouTube Plate Tectonics The Earth's thinner outer crust and it's upper
mantle are divided into continent-sized plates which jostle against each
other. As the plates move oceans are formed, then later disappear,
volcanoes and mountain chains form, ever changing the topography of the
planet.Thanks to scientists studying the waves produced by earthquakes, we now know that the outer core of the Earth is liquid--or molten rock materials, while the inner core is solid, made up of iron-nickel. At the boundary of the solid inner core iron is melted into a liquid, and the energy that is released drives the convection of the outer core. Gravity acts on the differences in densities between hot and cold rock, stimulating the pattern of convection, so that colder, denser material sinks--and hotter, less dense material swells upward. This puts the plates on the Earth's surfaces into constant motion. As the plates move apart new crustal material wells up from the mantle. Since the Earth's mass is not expanding, as much crust must return to the mantle as is being newly generated. This results in one plate often being forces down below another along the subduction zones. The plate movement began when the Earth first cooled enough to allow the formation of the outer crust some 4 billion years ago. The oldest rocks related to the process are approximately 3.8 billion years old, however thanks to this crustal recycling all of the early oceanic crust has been destroyed. Currently, the oldest known existing oceanic crusts beneath the present-day oceans is a mere 180 million years old. Plate Tectonics A thorough explanation of Plate Tectonics, provided by Geology for Kids. Plate Tectonics From Berkeley.edu. Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics is a website devoted completely to the topic. Plate Tectonics Theory, Diagrams, Boundaries From Geology.com. Plate Tectonics Game This is a neat little interactive quiz of sorts; worth-a-click. Earthquakes, Volcanoes, & Plate Tectonics A nice resource list from The Science Spot's Kid-Zone. There are Different Types of Plate MovementDivergent
Plate Movements: Sea-floor Spreading: Seafloor spreading is the movement of two oceanic plates away from each other (at a divergent plate boundary), which results in the formation of new oceanic crust (from magma that comes from within the Earth's mantle) along a a mid-ocean ridge. Where the oceanic plates are moving away from each other is called a zone of divergence. Ocean floor spreading was first suggested by Harry Hess and Robert Dietz in the 1960's. Convergent Plate Movement: When two plates collide (at a convergent plate boundary), some crust is destroyed in the impact and the plates become smaller. The results differ, depending upon what types of plates are involved. Lateral Slipping Plate Movement: When two plates move sideways against each other (at a transform plate boundary), there is a tremendous amount of friction which makes the movement jerky. The plates slip, then stick as the friction and pressure build up to incredible levels. When the pressure is released suddenly, and the plates suddenly jerk apart, this is an earthquake. Resources for the Teacher Here's a helping hand for all of the parents and
educators out there! I did the "leg-work" for you!Volcano Resources for Educators These are teacher's resources provided by Volcano World; good stuff, take a peek. Volcanoes Glossary The definition of all the words and terms associated with volcanic studies, extremely helpful. Volcanic Lesson Plans Even more great resources from Volcano World. Cybersleuth-Kids A comprehensive educational directory and homework helper that provides a wide variety of resources and pictures on Volcanoes. This is geared toward the kids, but has a nice dictionary of photos we teachers can use for visual aid. But you don't have to take my word for it! Volcano Maze Here's a free printable volcano maze to utilize with your students. Volcano Printables Several free printable activity sheets at About.com. Volcano Theme Unit Printables Here's a list of free volcano printables offered free by abc-teach.com. Volcano Worksheets A list of resources available free, from Teachnology. Volcano Cake "Get 'em through the stomach!" I say. This looks like fun, and it seems to me there are lots of ways to use this cake. Have a big 'volcano-party' (you could even go so far as to make your own party hats and add a red streamer embellishment for lava--wear volcanic-party-hats! Ha!), invite friends and/or family, share what you've learned about volcanoes with them, put on a skit for your friends, then serve them volcano cake. Volcano Demonstration Activity This is another volcano experiment, maybe a little simpler than the one above. Hands-On Volcano Activities Here are several really great activities you can add to your list; I know I did! Volcanic Eruption Simulation This is definitely in my lesson plans. And all you have to do is print it out! Feed them the information in every way, and the knowledge will stay. Multi-sensory Learning OpportunitiesI'm
going to be so bold as to offer my own suggestions here, for ways to
incorporate learning about volcanoes through all five senses. Volcano Stuff Just for the Kids Make a Virtual VolcanoThis is a really sweet virtual resource provided by Discovery Kids; kids can alter the levels of gas and the viscosity level to see what kind of volcano it creates, then watch it erupt! Volcano Quiz Test your knowledge of volcanoes; I took it my first visit here, and realized that it was likely Mommy would learn a few things during this unit study, too! Explaning Volcanic PressureThis is a really
neat demonstration, it might prove useful with some auditory-learners. Seeing
and hearing pressure - Volcano Hell - BBC Science  Mount Redoubt in Alaska How Many Volcanoes?There are
probably millions of volcanoes that have been active during the lifespan
of the earth. Pele - Tale Of The Volcano Goddess The Native
Hawaiians knew all about volcanoes. According to them, volcanic
eruptions were caused by Pele, the beautiful but tempestuous Goddess of
Volcanoes. Pele had frequent moments of anger, which brought about
eruptions. She was both honored and feared. She could cause earthquakes
by stamping her feet or volcanic eruptions and fiery lava by digging
with her Pa'oa, her magic stick. Volcanic Photo GalleryFeel free to utilize images in your schooling! How Volcanoes FormGreat Volcano Lenses
Study Earth's History Chronologically!Chronological History of the World Unit StudiesCheck out the Chronological History of the World Unit-Studies for Homeschoolers and see for yourself! Lensmaster Scientific_Homeschooler has been a member since December 29 2009, has rated 37 lenses, and has created 24 lenses from scratch. This member's top-ranked page is "Kids Investigate the Animal Kingdom". See all my lenses Check out these great lenses...
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